It is transfusion is needed during accident, medical surgery, child birth, and other Blood is essential to life. Circulates through your body and delivers essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells. There is no substitute for blood. It cannot be made or manufactured. Generous blood donors are the only source of blood for patient in need of a blood transfusion. blood can save a life and it is the most precious gift that any one can give to other person- the gift of life. so, safe blood saves lives and improves health.
When is blood transfusion needed

• During medical and surgical procures.
• Cancer patient.
• Women with complication of pregnancy before, during or after child birth
• Burn patient
• Patient with chronic diseases like anemia, hemophilia, thalassemia ect.
• Infants with severe blood related problems.
• Blood loss due to bleeding on accident.
• Medical condition such as anemia, kidney disease, leukemia, chemotherapy.

Blood is a fluid which flows in our blood vessels and is the carrier of the materials for transportation inside the body. It is composed of two parts:- Plasma and blood cell.

1. Plasma :-It is a transparent and light yellowish liquid portion of the blood. It is made up mostly water but it also contains protein, fat, mineral, salt, sugar, hormones and carbohydrate.
2. Blood cells :- Blood cell covers 45% part of blood. It consists of :-
   • White blood cell.
   • Platelets.

Blood is formed in bone marrow. It needs iron, folic acid and vitamins like vitamin B-12 to form which we get from food.

The process of formation and destruction of blood continues whole life. One’s life end if there is no circulation of blood. The life span of blood varies from one another.

• RBC- It counts 4-5 lakh /mm3 and its life span is days.
• WBC-Its count 4000-11000 per mm3 and its life span is about 15 days.
• Platelets-It counts 1.5-45 lakh/mm3 and live up to 8-9 days.

Scientists have discovered 500 types of blood group but mainly two groups it can be studied into.

1. ABO group (A,B AB,O) (positive)
2. RH group (Negative)

• It transports digested food to different organs of the body.
• It regulates body temperature.
• It contains fibrinogen and prothrombin which help in the clotting of blood at cuts.
• It brings waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood.
• WBC protects the body against infectious disease.
• RBC helps to carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon as waste produces.
• Each and every part of human body need blood derived of it cause death of brain in 4 min and heart in 6 hrs.

Scientist estimates the volume of blood in a human body to be approximately 7 percent of body weight.

Male- 76 ml per kg
Female- 66 ml per kg
Age -18 to 60 years
Weight- more than 45 kg
Hemoglobin – more than 12 gm
Blood pressure – 110/70 – 160/95 mm kg

People who donate blood should be in good health, heart, lung, liver must be in good condition and any person with past or present illness like jaundice, malaria, typhoid, AIDS, hepatitis or if the donor is using any medicines, she/he must consult the doctor before donating blood.

Age -18 to 60 years
Weight – more than 45 kg
Haemoglobin – more than 12 gm
Blood pressure – 110/70 – 160/95

Person with health problems like tuberculosis, sexual transferable disease, jaundice are prohibited to donate blood. Similarly if a person is taking medicine for long time or addicted to any drugs, she/he also cannot donate during her periods, pregnancy and breast feeding.

The average adult has about 10 pints of blood in his body roughly 1 pint is given during a donation which taken 5 to 7 minutes. After donating blood, the donor should take rest and have some liquid. They can do any kind of work but must avoid cigar or harmful drugs for 3 hours. After blood donating, our body has a amazing capacity to replace all the cells and fluids that have been lost, within few hours. No any special diet is needed for it.

The major benefit of donating blood is save one’s life.
Blood donation not only makes the receiver’s life good but also helps the donor to maintain good health. Nepal red cross society is always ready to help the donors and the volunteers as well to providing blood and any other service in their hand time. Donors are also awarded for their good humanity.

Now day many offices, school, cooperatives and others are organizing such program is to contact the nearest blood bank or blood donating centre. If he program is mentioned in one’s yearly calendar, then also they need to set the dates. And time. The appropriate site and most likely volunteers are needed.

In care of Nepal, the blood donating program is increasing rapidly but the demand of blood is also increasing in the same range many NGO, social workers, organization are showing interest in the same field to give more emphasis on the blood donation many and volunteers are involved in it.

The history in blood circulation is around 390 years old, In 1818 AD British obstetrician and physiologist James Blundell performed the first recorded human to human blood transfusion. In 1901 AD three main blood group A,B, and O are discovered by Or Karl Landsteiner. In 1914 or Huston (Belgium) discovered that adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from clothing. In 1936 Dr Normal Bethune of Canada established the first blood bank of the world at Madrid in Spain during the Spanish civil was established in Nepal in the year 1966 AD by Nepal Red cross society. During the initial years, it was located near Bir Hospital as Laxmi blood Bank Government of Nepal, in it’s policy declaration of 1991 , has mandated NRCS as the sole authority in conduction blood program in Nepal .